Cache Penetration
Search for non-existent data. Not in the cache, it always hits the database. Solution: Bloom filter; Cache null values.
Cache Breakdown
The hotspot key suddenly expired. A large number of requests are simultaneously being sent to the database. Solution: mutex lock; Hot data does not expire.
Cache avalanche
A large number of keys have expired simultaneously. The database was instantly destroyed. Solution: Add a random value to the expiration time; Cluster high availability.
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